Once you know its uses you will be able to appreciate this advice. The Ad Herennium is the foundational book on the.Later I realized why. He recommends a virtual ‘viewing distance’ sufficient to allow the viewer to encompass the space and the images it contains with a single glance.Carruthers discusses this in the context of the way in which the trained medieval memory was thought to be intimately related with the development of prudence or moral judgement.Within this tradition, the art of memory was passed along to the later Middle Ages and the Renaissance or Early Modern period. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Indeed we should pursue the right not alone for the sake of praise; but if praise accrues, the desire to strive after the right is doubled.This suasoria was popular with the rhetoricians; cf.Rather, images were understood to function “textually”, as a type of ‘writing’, and not as something different from it in kind. We shall be using the topics of Justice if we say that we ought to pity innocent persons and suppliants; if we show that it is proper to repay the well-deserving with gratitude; if we explain that we ought to punish the guilty; if we urge that faith ought zealously to be kept; if we say that the laws and customs 24 of the state ar especially to be preserved; if we contend that alliances and friendships should scrupulously be honoured; if we make it clear that the duty imposed by nature toward parents, gods, and fatherland must be religiously observed; if we maintain that ties of hospitality, clientage, kinship, and relationship by marriage must inviolably be cherished; if we show that neither reward nor favour nor peril nor animosity ought to lead us herenhium from the right path; if we say that in all cases a principle of dealing alike with all should be established.With these and like topics of Justice we shall demonstrate emmory an action of which we are sponsors in Assembly or council is just, and by their contraries we shall demonstrate that an action is unjust. If we say that our counsel aims at the Right, and all four categories of Right apply, we shall use them all.herenniuj If these categories do not all apply, we shall in speaking set forth as many as do. And we shall place the defendant at the bedside, holding in his right hand a cup, and in his left tablets, and ar the fourth finger ram’s testicles. Here’s the memory trick the ad Herennium describes in two easy steps. If he lacks them, we shall say that to his own fault and want of self-control is his lack of every physical advantage, beauty apart, attributable. Sharp exclamation injures the voice and likewise jars the hearer, for it has about it something ignoble, suited rather to feminine outcry than to manly dignity in speaking.At the end of the speech a sustained flow is beneficial to the voice. Step one. And we shall do so if we establish likenesses as striking as possible; if we set up images that are not many or vague, but herennim something; mwmory we assign to them exceptional beauty or singular ugliness; if herennium dress some of them with crowns or purple cloaks, for example, so that the likeness may be more distinct to us; or if we somehow disfigure them, as by introducing one stained with blood or soiled with mud or smeared with red paint, so that its form is more striking, or by assigning certain comic effects to our images, for that, too, will ensure our remembering them more readily.This we ought to effect in the following way: For example, the prosecutor has said that the defendant killed a man by poison, has charged that the motive for the crime was an inheritance, and declared that there are many witnesses and accessories to this act.In this way we can record the man who was poisoned, the inheritance, and the witnesses. Then, corresponding to the content of the words, we shall modify the delivery in all the kinds of tone, now to sharpness, now to kindness, or now to sadness, and now to gaiety.Now it seems best to discuss Physical Movement. Here you will be able to find texts from two millennia of gems in Latin. We shall use Proof and Refutation when we establish in our favour the topics explained above, and refute the contrary topics.Nothing is more useful than safety; no one can make use of his virtues if he has not based his plans upon safety; not even the gods help those who thoughtlessly commit themselves hernenium danger; nothing ought to be deemed honourable which does not produce safety.As a general rule we employ virtually the same Conclusions in these as in judicial causes, except that here especially it is useful to present examples from the past in the greatest possible number.